National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

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Which of these changes occurs in the kidneys when a person becomes dehydrated?

  1. The filtration rate of water increases, reabsorption of water decreases

  2. The filtration rate of water remains constant, reabsorption of water increases

  3. The filtration rate of water decreases, reabsorption of water decreases

  4. The filtration rate of water remains constant, reabsorption of water decreases

The correct answer is: The filtration rate of water remains constant, reabsorption of water increases

When a person becomes dehydrated, the kidneys respond by conserving water to maintain proper fluid balance in the body. In this state, the filtration rate of water stays consistent because the kidneys continue to filter blood at a constant rate, but the reabsorption of water significantly increases. This enhanced reabsorption occurs primarily in the renal tubules, particularly in the collecting ducts, due to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is released when the body senses low water levels. By increasing the reabsorption of water, the kidneys help to concentrate urine and reduce the amount of water excreted, effectively minimizing further dehydration. This physiological response allows the body to preserve as much water as possible until hydration can be restored.

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