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Active transport is a process that requires energy input to move substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. Unlike passive diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, which rely on the natural movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration without the need for energy, active transport works to move molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. This uphill movement necessitates the use of energy, typically in the form of ATP, as it involves specific transport proteins, such as pumps in the cell membrane. This fundamental concept is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, allowing cells to accumulate necessary substances and discard unwanted materials.