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An axon is the structure of a neuron responsible for carrying impulses away from the cell body and transmitting them to other cells, such as other neurons, muscle cells, or glands. It is typically a long, slender projection that can span considerable distances, enabling effective communication within the nervous system. The primary role of the axon is to relay electrical signals, known as action potentials, which are generated in response to stimuli.

Dendrites, in contrast, are the extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons. While synapses represent the junctions where communication occurs between neurons, it is the axon that actively transmits electrical impulses. A cyton, or the cell body of the neuron, supports the overall function of the neuron but does not directly carry impulses. Thus, identifying the axon as the correct answer highlights its crucial role in neuronal communication and impulse transmission.