National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

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The complete set of genes within an individual is referred to as?

Specific DNA
The human genome
A chromosomal pattern
Cellular identity

The correct answer is: The human genome

The complete set of genes within an individual is referred to as the human genome. This term encompasses all the genetic material, including both the coding regions (exons) that translate into proteins and the non-coding regions that play regulatory and structural roles. The human genome is made up of approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, all of which are located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes found in human cells. Understanding the human genome is fundamental in fields like genetics, genomics, and biotechnology, as it provides insights into inheritance, genetic disorders, and evolution. The other terms do not represent the entirety of an individual’s genetic makeup. Specific DNA could refer to any distinct sequence within the genome but does not encompass the entire set of genes. A chromosomal pattern implies the arrangement and structure of chromosomes but not the full gene set encoded within them. Cellular identity refers to the characteristics and behaviors of a cell type, which may relate to genetic expression but is not synonymous with the complete genetic code.